Four factors that accelerate globalization

Like the proverbial phrase goes, we are now living in a global village. Globalization has been a subject of discussion for decades now and it is still among the world’s greatest progressive achievements. It can be defined as the process through which markets and businesses, across the world, get increasingly interconnected with time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Four factors that accelerate globalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are four main reasons why globalization is growing at an accelerated pace. These include Information Technology, growth of regional trading blocs, development o reliable transport links and consumer expectations of quality. This paper is an, in depth, exploration of the reasons why these factors are contributing to accelerated globalization. As it has been stated above, among the reasons why globalization is growing at an accelerated pace is the presence of Informa tion Technology (IT). IT is a major accelerator of globalization due to its unique support for remote transactions and marketing. That is, IT makes it possible for companies targeting a global customer-base to reach these customers encountering many problems. This is usually done by advertising on the internet. IT has also enabled interconnectivity of Management Information Systems for branches of the same company located at different locations across the world. This has made IT-related globalization touch the service delivery sector. IT is suspected to be the single largest main contributor to globalization this decade and thus its contribution cannot be exhausted (McHenry, 2009, p 12). Similar to the information transmission highways that have been created by the resources of Information Technology, transport networks also have a great contribution to the accelerated globalization that we are currently experiencing. Transport networks have been increasingly growing and improving i n efficiency and effectiveness (Appadurai, 2001, p. 66). This makes the provision of goods and services to international clientele easy and thus it promotes globalization. Regional trading blocs also have a role to play in the accelerated globalization that the world is currently experiencing. These blocs promote globalization by ensuring that there are limited cross-border trade restrictions. This enables goods and services to be traded among countries and thus better trade relations and better infrastructure for trade are created. This way, globalization is accelerated. In addition to this, consumer expectations of quality are a main contributor to accelerated globalization. Consumers are increasingly becoming choosey in terms of the quality of products or services they pay for (Appadurai, 2001, p. 67). This is the main reason why consumers are now purchasing products from companies abroad. This is indubitably a contribution to accelerated globalization.Advertising Looking fo r essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As evidenced in the discussion above, accelerated globalization has its roots in a variety of factors. Multinational companies should do all they can to harness the advantages that are brought by accelerated globalization and also utilize their limited resources in the promotion of accelerated globalization. This is because accelerated globalization will not only benefit the organization that promotes it, but it will also benefit the society and the world at large. The factors discussed above are just a subset of the factors promoting accelerated globalization. It is thus of essence for multinational organizations and countries to critically evaluate the ways in which they can contribute to accelerated globalization and employ the means that are more convenient to them. With this kind of contribution to globalization, the world’s economy will keep on getting b etter and economic goals like the MDGs will easily be achieved. Reference List Appadurai, A. (2001). Globalization. California. Barnes Noble. McHenry, N. (2009). Accelerating globalization: Why focus on Information Technology. Retrieved from https://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/3900/01iie3900.pdf This essay on Four factors that accelerate globalization was written and submitted by user Raegan U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financial Challenges in Companies

Financial Challenges in Companies Introduction Though managing an organisation involves long-term thinking and careful consideration of the organisational dynamics, many corporations cannot handle untimely alterations of the business environment. This is because the global monetary crisis comes at an unprecedented time, making it difficult for some organisations to put their operations in a manner that helps them cope with such financial challenges.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Challenges in Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the reality that financial challenges have hit global business operations in one way or the other, and at different times, the horizon at which the companies operate has not been so proactive (Gustavo, Michaely Swaminathan 2002, p. 379). For instance, the corporate finance and agency problems have created monetary conflicts that exist between the management of the company and their stockholders, an issue that has really affected the decisions at the corporations (Gustavo, Michaely Swaminathan 2002, p. 389). The conflicts are relevant to corporate finance since the managers of the company, who are meant to act for the best interest of the shareholders, often fail to do so as expected of them. These managers, who act as agents of the shareholders, are meant to make decisions that are geared towards maximising the stockholders’ wealth. However, they fail to do so due to their desire to maximise their own wealth. In essence, these agency problems are related to the corporate finance in the sense that they help in understanding and analysing the stockholder’s equity, corporate governance, and agency costs. Contemporary studies demonstrate that the non-responsive nature of the management to information related to the eventual financial crisis lead to compromised decisions about the specific monetary problems. Literature review Corporate stakeholders are often faced wi th the conflict of interest to pursue personal goals other than the intended objectives of the company. This makes it difficult for them to formulate guidelines, which might help the company avoid the impacts of financial crisis through pre-empting the market situation and other financial environment of the company (Gustavo, Michaely Swaminathan 2002, p. 389). Therefore, there is a need to put in place appropriate mechanisms so as to effectively deal with the potential conflicting issues in the organisation. Research attributes the ignorance of the management to offer advisory opinion about looming financial crisis as it depicts the pursuit for personal interests, rather than that of the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The conflict of interest among the stakeholders of the company might make the shareholders pass a vote-of-no-confidence on some of the boa rd members during the members’ board meetings (Gustavo, Michaely Swaminathan 2002, p. 397). The presidents of the company are awarded bonuses due to their hard work in order to motivate them. However, when the performance is dwindling, as witnessed in the Coca-Cola Company, the stakeholders might be forced to terminate the contracts of the top management team of the corporation, if it is assumed that their roles would compromise the productivity in the company. Indeed, the dividend policy of any firm can be regarded as irrelevant owing to the fact that the corporations that often pay many dividends to the shareholders give little price appreciation (Gustavo, Michaely Swaminathan 2002, p. 389). However, this must offer the same sum of revenue returns to the investors, depending on their risk characteristics as well as the cash flows generated from the investment ventures (Jackall 1988, p. 55). In fact, since there are lack of taxes, but if there is any, both the capital gain s as well as the dividends are often taxed under a similar rate. Therefore, the investors ought to be indifferent to get their expected returns in both the price appreciation as well as in dividends by adopting an effective property management strategy. Property management is critical in the success of any given company. The relationship between the two has been explored through the SWOT analysis, which helps business to assess whether a particular strategy is viable for business operations, as well as to establish ways of moving forward. Carrying a SWOT analysis for property management helps the management adopt ways of getting cash out of price appreciation. It also provides a strategy that facilitates provision of dividends to the stakeholders without involving the transaction cost and floatation, thus resulting to fair prices for the stakeholders (Jackall 1988, p. 61). Gustavo, Michaely, and Swaminathan (2002, p. 389) have found out that analysing property management helps the c ompany increase effectiveness and efficiency in the management system. Through an analysis of threat, it is clear that the management is able to refrain from taking chances on the company’s financial status since it gets into a position of assessing the dividends payable to the stakeholders as well as the amount of capital resources required to run the business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Challenges in Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, it is imperative to note that management of property in a company is highly influenced by the decision making process adopted. For case in point, when a company adopts satisficing decision making without a careful analysis, then it is bound to fail. This stems from the fact that satisficing decision making entails adopting the readily available decision to address a particular problem facing the company. For case in point, a company is bound to fai l when it takes the readily available decision and makes a decision that results in conflict of interest among the stakeholders, information asymmetries, and taxes levied (Sunder Myers 1999, p. 219). Despite the fact that the stakeholders prefer large sums of dividends, satisficer decision-making model can play a critical role in wasting the resources of the company, leading to higher taxes for the company (Sunder Myers 1999, p. 219). It is for this reason that an organisation should find ways of adapting effectively to the dynamic organisational changes, as this would facilitate a suitable avenue for establishing a positive feedback on the future of the company’s prospects, as well as future declaration of dividends (Lyandres Zhdanov, p. 54). Achieving a financial target for a firm has been highlighted as one of the major divers to organisational changes, as it helps to avert financial crisis with respect to internal and external stakeholders of the firm. In this regard, Sunder and Myers (1999, p. 219) have found out that if a company takes a positive approach towards organisational changes and announces dividends, it gets into a position of increasing its stock prices. However, Sunder and Myers (1999, p. 220) have also considered a number of barriers that may hinder a given company to adopt the dynamic organisational changes, which would facilitate management of capital resources. Key amongst these barriers is capital for compensating the shareholders. This barrier creates a challenge for the company, making it seek for funds elsewhere. And in a bid to curb the change management crisis, the company might decide to include new investor’s board, and this, in turn, may adversely affect the company’s culture. This stems from the fact that organisational changes are not only characterised by financial improvements but also a change in people attitudes as well as their behaviors. Moreover, Sunder and Myers (1999, p. 221) have emphasised on the relationship between time and effective change management process, stating that it is not a worthy venture for a company to issue new stocks in order to pay dividends in the same financial year. More so, the authors have added that a company should not pay dividends to shareholders immediately after a financial crisis in an effort of creating a positive attitude for the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Property management is not only affected by barriers to organisational changes but goal setting with regard to defining short, middle, and long term strategies to be adopted by the firm. This has elicited a study on establishing the management approach that should be adopted by diverse firm following an analysis liquidity and credit worthiness, among other factors (Sunder Myers 1999, p. 222). As such, it has been established that payment of dividends should not be classified as a short-term strategy since dividends have a high possibility of causing additional problems during the period of financial crisis (Lyandres Zhdanov 2007, p. 61). Additionally, managerial functions, such as planning and evaluation, have influenced the manner in which property management of a given firm is handled. Proper planning is crucial in property management since it facilitates a good cash flow for the firm after subtracting the capital expenditure (Thompson McHugh 2002, p. 48). Additionally, proper planning plays a critical role in projecting whether the company could be faced with a financial crisis in future; hence, it analyses how the company is able to counter such financial risks by assessing the possibility of mergers and acquisitions (Thompson McHugh 2002, p. 52). As such, the managers involved in the planning process should ascertain whether the planning process is in line with the organisation mission and vision. In doing so, the company gets into a position of coping with the upcoming business challenges without involving many outsiders, who have the capacity of changing organisational culture. In addition to this, Thompson McHugh (2002, p. 52) have found out that implementing proper planning with regard to cash flow projection is critical since it helps in understanding the motives behind adopting a merger and acquisition by availing sufficient amount of cash to carry out such transactions. The theory of planning recommends that it is paramount to come up with a c ash hypothesis that helps in understanding the periods that the company is likely to be sold out to other investors’ companies (Timmer 2011, p. 102). The leverage buy-outs is imperative in the planning process since it helps firms that are in big debts to obtain sufficient funds for settling their outstanding debt through collateral from the company in order to secure loan. Though this often comes with interest, it is beneficial in the sense that the company is able to set cash from the secured loans in order to carry out some of is intended activities during and after the financial crisis ( Timmer 2011, p. 103). Evaluation is also a managerial function that helps to establish that financial crisis has the probability of halting the operations of a given company. Timmer (2011, p. 104) has found out that countering financial challenges through mergers and acquisition can create a disadvantage to the company that has succumbed to failure as it involves transferring most of its assets to the acquiring firm. The acquiring firm partially settles the debts of the failing firm, creating room for goodwill for the acquiring firm. In his study of performance evaluation, Watson (2001, p. 224) points out that debt is a cheaper option of handling financial crisis than equity simply because equity involves holding partnership with the shareholders, who share in the company’s productivity. And even though the shareholders are instrumental in facilitating the success of the company, they do not offer some technical expertise and knowledge in running the business since their work is to contribute capital to the business, not decision making on management of capital (Watson 2001, p. 225). Therefore, this can be regarded as an added cost in the management of property because in case of losses, the business bears it alone since the investors are only involved in sharing the returns, which are given in the form of dividends. On the other hand, Watson ( 2001, p. 225) has found out that inasmuch as the company would want to adopt a long term goal for debt repayment, it is sometimes unable to do so as debts are always periodic and have time limits for completion. This leaves the company with only one option that does not require time limit: dividends paid on the equity. Assessing the financial status of a company is critical in the planning process as it helps to ensure successful Implementation of business strategy. Watson (2001, p. 226) has pointed out the rationale of evaluating bankruptcy cost in regards to the firm’s capital structure and its response to financial crisis. This demonstrates that the management should note the role played by Bankruptcy costs since they form the foundations of financing policies of the firm. Thompson McHugh (2002, p. 53) have also demonstrated the role of bankruptcy costs, stating that these costs act as the counterweight to those taxes that have been deducted on the interest payments. Moreover, Thompson McHugh (2002, p. 53) ascertain that the costs associated with the bankruptcy, such as the reorganisation costs and tax credit losses, directly impact on the capital structure of the firm, since they demonstrate poor managerial practice with regard to planning and evaluation. By using the SWOT analysis, the organisation should be in a position to identify the threats in property management. More so, this analysis facilitates an understanding of the management strategy that should be adopted since the manager gets information on the unknown information through a cost-benefit analysis. In this regard, the management should note that when leverage of the company is on an upward trend, the firm is bound to suffer losses due to negative present value (NPV), as this makes the managers under invest in such projects (Watson 2001, p. 227). Additionally, the management should note the opportunities within the strategy, and key amongst them is the fact that the equity holders are attracted by the net benefits of the project; this creates an avenue for passing the rest of the costs to the bondholders. Capital structure is the strategy in which a corporation finances its own assets through combining equity, debt, or through hybrid securities (Baker Jeffrey 2002, p. 4). Management of capital structure will not only facilitate the management of financial resources but also the human resources, the company’ s assets, as well as the structure of the business. A vast majority of managers adopt external financing by issuing shares to the public, thus creating room for external ownership of the company (Baker Jeffrey 2002, p. 5). However, Myers Majluf (1984) argue that equity is not a preferred method of raising capital that could help the company during financial crisis and in the post crisis period. This stems from the fact that the practice threatens the values and norms of the company, creating a conflict between the managers and the new investors. While the new in vestors may tend to think that the company has value, the management takes this advantage to raise capital for the firm, and this may result in low company’s shares after sometime (Baker Jeffrey 2002, p. 7). Thus, the management should be in a position to choose a control system that has less risk in long-term basis. However, sometimes, the management faces challenges emanating from lack of knowledge on previously made decisions and the actual occurrence when the financial problem arises (Baker Jeffrey 2002, p. 15). In this case, the management should adopt traditional approaches, as they help to choose a capital management that has the lowest probable cost of capital for the company. Myers Majluf 1984 ( p.188) have described how management should use organisational controls that facilitate a reduction of debt ratio, while making sure that leverage-increasing actions like stock repurchases and debt-for-equity interactions are employed. This creates a differentiation betwee n the management approach that should be adopted before and after the financial crisis faced by the management (Myers Majluf 1984, p. 194). As such, Knights Willmott (2006, p. 22) recommend focused management in controlling future financial crisis. Conclusion In sum, the practical monetary managers will try to retain financial flexibility while making sure they attain long-term survival of their companies even after financial crisis. This will also help the company in planning for the possible financial problems. The research indicates that through improved and effective administrations of the organisation, the managers have to dedicate their time to work, which involves long-term thinking and vigilant consideration of the company changes. In this regard, many corporations are perceived to be unable to make alterations of the business setting so that the organisation could implement most of the fiscal strategies prior to, or after, a monetary crisis. This shows that such financial problems could effectively be realised only through the practice of objective and focused management. The justification was that since the global monetary crisis reaches at an untimely situation, thus, not quite practical for a number of companies to realign their manufacturing and administrative processes to match the predicted financial positions and the global trends that might be in order with their operations. Such attempts might help the companies cope with such financial challenges. Regardless of the realism that the fiscal challenges have had gross affects on global business operations in a number of ways and at different instances, the magnitude at which the entities operate has not been so hands-on to deal with increasing affects of financial crises. For instance, large business finance and organisation tribulations have resulted in monetary shortfall that exist and affect the link between the management of the company, customer base, and the suppliers. This situation has really compromised the choices, which the corporation could arrive at. Finally, the standoff could be relevant to corporate changes since the management of the entity that should make the decision in the best interest of the entire parties involved in its management often fail to execute their duties. Literally, these managers, who should act on behalf of the board as a watchdog of the financial alterations in the company, end up disappointing the shareholders. In fact, they are meant to make choices, which should be in favor of the shareholders. Essentially, Managers fail to act appropriately owing to their mixed interest and desire to maximise their own gain. References Baker, M Jeffrey, W 2002, Market Timing and Capital Structure, Journal of Finance vol. 57 no.1, pp. 1–32. Gustavo, G Michaely, R Swaminathan, B 2002, â€Å"Are Dividend Changes a Sign of Firm Maturity?†, The Journal of Business, vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 387-424. Jackall, R 1988, ‘Looking up and lo oking around excerpt from Moral mazes: the world of corporate managers’, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Knights, D Willmott, H 2006, ‘Management and Leadership: Introducing Organizational Behaviour and Management’, Thompson, London. Lyandres, E Zhdanov, A 2007, ‘Investment Opportunities and Bankruptcy Prediction’, Harcourt College Publishers, Fort Worth. Myers, S Majluf, S 1984, Corporate Financing And Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have, Journal of Financial Economics, vol.13, no. 2, pp. 187–221. Sunder, L Myers, S 1999, â€Å"Testing Static Tradeoff Against Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure†, Journal of Financial Economics, pp. 219-244. Thompson, P McHugh, P 2002, ‘Work Organizations: A Critical Introduction’, (3rd Ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and London. Timmer, J 2011, Understanding the Fed Model, Capital Structure, and then Some, Fort Worth, Harcourt Colle ge Publishers. Watson, T 2001, â€Å"The Emergent Manager and Processes of Management Pre-Learning†, Management Learning, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 221-235.

Case study development and presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Development and presentation - Case Study Example kjet printers of Hewlett Packard are renowned for their vibrant and rich printouts which makes Hewlett Packard a leader in the market of different models of printers. The new inkjet printers of the company provide for durable printing in the offices and can enhance the speed and quality of paper and print work in an office environment. The new Office Jet Pro X range of printers launched by Hewlett & Packard are expected to bring about transformations in the way paper and print works are carried out in the modern offices. The â€Å"Ink it out† tag is give as a form of expression for emphasizing on the importance of a printer in the corporate offices. The main features of the new office Jet Pro X Range of inkjet printers presented by Hewlett Packard are cost effective, fast and efficient for usage. The use of these printers can drive up the efficiency of an organization by supporting the office works in terms of speeding up, quality enhancement and low cost generation for printing works. The inkjet printers are often less preferred by the corporates due to the huge expenses associated with the use of the high quality printers. However, the new series of inkjet printers launched by HP is likely to change the views of the users of printers because, this series of Inkjet printer comes with astounding and impressive features like highly innovative design, less space consuming, and quality driven design and functionalities.. The factor of long wait time in printing is one of the biggest hurdles in inkjet printers. But the new series of inkjet printers launched by HP will change all expectations related to lagging efficiency and time consumption of the inkjet printers because the new HP Office Jet Pro X range of inkjet printers launched by HP can print 55 pages per minute. Reliability and higher price consumable image associated with the inkjet printers have acted as major restraints in the popularity and mass scale use of inkjet printers. However, brands like Hewlett

Reconceptualizing Cultural Identity and Its Role in Intercultural Article

Reconceptualizing Cultural Identity and Its Role in Intercultural Business Communication and The Business Case for Enterprise Mashups - Article Example According to the article, the cultural identity is an individual’s sense of self-derived formal or informal membership in groups that inculcate knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, traditions, and ways of life. The article argues that a broad conception of cultural identity should not in any way privilege nationality, but rather balance the components of vacation, class, geography, philosophy, language, and biological aspects. Since cultural identity changes over time and that evokes emotions negotiable through communication, the article proposes the model of cultural identity that highlights components directly related to business, including economic class and professional affiliation. While such a model proves rather viable in eliminating all forms problems related to poor communication in the business, the reality can prove otherwise. Regardless of the policies or measures put in place to divert attention from such issues defining people in organization, the reality is ra ther opposite. Increasingly, people look at things in a different perspective. For instance, accepting that a person ever committed a mistake is rather odd, especially in organizations that use teams in accomplishing tasks and allocation of duties.

Scholarly Critique Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scholarly Critique - Research Paper Example Purpose of the Study Williams (2005) found that the recent estimate reveals that children spend an average of 7 hours per week in video games. This is remarkable information because this finally leads him to find if violent content or frustration may be linked to a significant effect or impact. The study seeks to find out if there is potential impact of violent content and frustration with gameplay. In addition, the proponent wants to know if the interaction of violent content and frustration creates impact on aggressive personality of the players. The study therefore has a relevant purpose of investigating the effect of video games on the subjects’ personality primarily on how the violent content or frustration may provide an influence. This study is important because it will stand as a vital addition to the body of knowledge linked to the potential impact of videogame to its players. Main Hypotheses There are five hypotheses that the proponent identified in the research stud y. The first hypothesis states that there must be higher scores of state hostility measure for violent game compared to its nonviolent counterpart. The second hypothesis asserts that there must be higher scores of state hostility measure for frustrating game compared to low or non-frustrating game. The other hypothesis is about having certainty of higher scores on hostility measure if the participants will be exposed to both violent content and frustration. The fourth hypothesis suggests that participants who are having high trait in hostility should therefore score higher on a state hostility measure when they have to play violent game compared to those with low trait in hostility. The last hypothesis states that participants with high trait hostility should have a higher score in state hostility measure than those with low trait hostility during the actual play of a violent game. These are the essential hypotheses that Williams considered as vital points to consider prior to meeti ng the actual purpose or research problem of the study. In line with this, we can therefore detect the independent variable and it is the actual score in state hostility measure. The dependent variables are therefore the level of violence and frustration linked to the videogame. In addition, all of these are therefore directional hypotheses because they try to emphasize the use of a comparison term ‘higher’, which is an indication that there must be a remarkable difference between the groups that will be compared and how specifically they will differ. Design and Measurement There were one hundred fifty male college undergraduates at a large southeastern university coming from a psychology and mass communication courses who were employed in the research study. In the actual study, each of the participants was given the opportunity to play one of the four video games, which include violent and frustrating, violent and low/non-frustrating, nonviolent but frustrating, and n onviolent and low/non-frustrating. The participants were asked for their consent to participate in the study, which took place in more than one phase. This is to ensure that all of the respondents will turn out not forced to join in the research, but they have their consent to participate. To test the hypothesis, the proponent of the study relied on the response of the subjects on the given questionnaires and the use of statistical analysis like the analysis of covariance

DHL: Logistics Company For The World

DHL: Logistics Company For The World DHL, being one of the market leaders in the international express, air, ocean freight and road and rail transportation, contract logistics and international mail services, is very well-known for its agility and global network. Following its vision of reaching every part of the world, DHL has set up its own networks as Global and Local Hubs. While Leipzig, Hong Kong and Cincinnati are globally networked, Bangkok, Singapore and Hong Kong function as the local Asian network. DHL Thailand, both being a gateway for import and export shipments and being a hub for transit shipments for the Indo-China countries, has gained its reputation in the business community in Thailand for 30 years. There are more than 70 DHL service locations covering 76 provinces and 9 service centers in the country. All the shipments starting from documents to containers are delivered by 5,300 DHL staff. DHL offers value to its customers by catering services according to their needs. The maximum customer service sat isfaction is guaranteed by its respective expert business divisions (DHL Express, DHL Global Forwarding, DHL Exel Supply Chain) by offering the convenience of one-stop-shop service for logistics solutions. Especially, DHL Thailand has facilitated Thailand exporters and importers by providing supply chain management expertise so that those businesses can focus on their core businesses. DHL having a very good close relationship with Thailand Customs Bureau, having local expertise with global coverage and with the excellent Quality Control Committee (QCC) for crisis management and designing backup plans have helped DHL Thailand to differentiate itself well enough among its competitors. Furthermore, DHL aims to support Thailand economy by facilitating the logistics process, upstream from raw materials to manufacturing, as well as downstream from the production line to store shelves and even further, to any customers all around the world. Key information about the distribution center (Size, Throughput, Types and number of delivery trucks?) DHL Express Bangkok Hub is one of DHLs six Asia Pacific hub that operates on over 12,000 sq. m.located in BFS Warehouse. 9,000 sq. m.of the space is used for warehousing. This space is said to be located in a free zone area. Having a space in this location has helped DHL to do their job efficiently. Previously it was estimated that after touchdown it used to take around 45minutes to ship materials into the conveyer belt but now due to easier access to the vehicle, shipping is done within 5mins after the touchdown. The whole area is installed with 90 surveillance cameras. In Thailand they cover 76 provinces, 38 locations, 1 hub and gateway, 1 office, 27 service points and 9 service centers. They manage 420 commercial flights per week for both inbound and outbound express shipments. DHL Express is capable of handling 4,800 inbound shipment and 3,000 outbound shipment per hour. Annually they manage more than 5.7 million shipments. DHL Express uses a special shuttle trucks for delivery. They have around 140 vehicles, 1 truck for each service center. These trucks are usually outsourced to some other company. Recently a company named Mon Transport Co. Ltd had won the bid for providing DHL with their new trucks for operations. Not all trucks of DHL which we see are outsourced. The trucks used to deliver goods from the service center to the respective customers are company owned vehicles. Only the ones that operate from the hub to the service centers are outsourced. DHL has 4, 6 and 18 wheeled trucks/ lorries. DHL is considered to be the biggest logistic partner who can deliver freight of any kind, to any place via air, ocean, road or rail, but capable of giving its customers the personal attention they need. Question 3: Describe the key operational measurements (or KPIs) at the distribution center and the delivery operations. In the express business, customers consider on-time delivery as an important indicator of quality. That is why DHL has a system to standardize and monitor the processes throughout their entire organization. They determine on-time delivery, analyze delays in individual processes and establish ways to deliver to customers even more quickly. Consistently high quality of service is crucial for a global network operator. DHL has developed an operations performance monitoring system that they use to measure and improve the quality of their services. Reliability and speed are key indicators of the quality of their logistics services. The logistics view is directed horizontally at the flow of goods and contracts, and they require key indicators that include the factor of time. As a result, DHL uses a time-based system of efficiency measurement that complements the measurement approach based on input-output ratios. Hence, DHL has a number of times based KPIs at the distribution center but it was not dealt in depth during the field visit. Few KPIs mentioned during the field trip are as follows: For their Express operation their shipment movement process follows CIA (clean in the air) process. It means that before shipment arrives to their DC all the documents must be cleared. This reduces the time for their delivery operation The other KPI that DHL follows to ensure on-time delivery is that within 5 minutes of the aircraft touching the ground the shipment is loaded to the conveyer in the receiving area. Same day delivery of all shipments is 100% achieved by DHL. The entire process of the arrival of the shipment, the picking, the securing of the cargo, loading, transport and unloading at the destination must be done on the same day. The call center in the DC has its KPI. All calls are received within 10seconds. They have been able to achieve 100% of this KPI. All shipments for a day must reach the service centers by 6:00 PM from their DC. The KPIs for their sustainable program is not covered under this as we were not provided any information on this. Delivery operation in DHL Hub: DHL Express is a division of Deutsche Post providing international express mail services. In our field visit focus was laid on this division, hence, the delivery operations for DHL Express division located in Suvarnabhumi airport is explained in brief: All DHL inbound flights land just outside the DHL DC at 05:00 am and 9:00 pm every day. Some commercial flights may also arrive at other times. Within 5 minutes of the landing containers from the aircraft are downloaded and sent to the unload conveyors. All material travels throughout the facility on conveyor belts though there may be some non-conveyable shipments (NCS). After sorting and inspecting the shipment is transferred to the outbound area from where it is transferred to flights or shuttle trucks to transport it to the final destination service centers from where it is delivered to the customers on the same day. The design of their flow process has allowed DHL to stay very competitive over the years by allowing them to add on to the current hub when it is needed. Every shipment can be tracked and the customer can be notified at all times. Question 4: Are there any sustainability considerations built in their operations? Even though DHL is the global leader in logistics, it still aims to be more sociably responsible by integrating corporate social Responsibility (CSR) into its operations, the society and the environment. To achieve this, DHL, has 3 specific programs called GoGreen, GoHelp and GoTeach, which also support DHLs local projects and initiatives. GoGreen To achieve the strategic goal of Corporate Responsibility, DHL launched GoGreen program in 2008 to handle the climate change problems, and it is the first global logistics service provider that sets the measurable targets on Coà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ efficiency to alleviate the environmental impacts. DHL works on building sustainability into its operations through five key attributes: striving to increase its resource efficiency with the focus on CO2, mobilizing its employees, offering its customers green solutions, being transparent about what it does and preparing for regulatory changes. The first attribute is Increasing Coà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Efficiency. The scope does not mainly focus on decreasing the carbon footprint throughout the operations and subcontractors, but also includes the pollution, waste, noise, and other impacts that occur in the operations. First, the fleet (air transport, sea transport, and road transport) must be managed efficiently; especially the ground fleet that creates substantial impacts upon the carbon footprint. According to operation site visit, DHL Thailand has set detailed specifications of transport subcontractors to meet the requirements of subcontractor management in sharing the responsibility for carbon footprint. It was claimed that the majority of road vehicles are applicable for CNG consumption. Second, it improves the efficiency of facilities, warehouses, and offices by reducing the consumption affecting the carbon footprint. In addition, DHL Thailand expands the sustainability coverage to its clients by providing alternatives fo r them to use recycle packaging. Mobilizing the Employees is the second attribute which aims to increase the awareness and engage employees in lessening the environmental impacts. To do so, the company can encourage employees to share ideas to improve environmental performance such as energy saving, water saving, and so on. The third attribute is Generating Value by offering customers Green solutions. DHL has developed a large variety of GOGREEN climate-friendly products and services, which are produced using less carbon intensive forms of transport such as sea or rail, or where CO2 emissions are offset by the DHL Carbon Management team. Thus, through DHLs value-added GOGREEN products and services, DHL shares responsibility for tackling climate change. In 2009, DHL introduced the GOGREEN carbon neutral express shipping options in nearly 30 countries and sent more than 700 million shipments GOGREEN. DHL also continued to implement green logistics solutions jointly with its customers. Providing transparency is the 4th attribute. DHL has already set up a Carbon Accounting team and has agreed on the methodology for calculating its footprint in a more structured way, such as by setting up a carbon accounting system linked to its financial accounting system to improve data collation. DHL has also issued guidelines based on the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the ISO 14064 Standard. Since 2009, DHL is able to provide some CO2 emissions data on a highly accurate level, and its reporting and transparency has been rewarded for entering into the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, with top scores in the environmental ranking. The final attribute is Preparing for regulatory changes. DHL engages with policy makers to help shape regulations that are relevant to its business and its industrys impact on the environment. DHL is a member of the 3C (Combat Climate Change) initiative, which is comprised of business leaders from over 50 global companies who want urgent action on climate change. Through 3C, DHL actively advocates a global framework that supports market-based solutions to climate change. In 2009, DHL developed four global policy positions for its Group: With these positions, DHL addresses a global framework for carbon pricing, industry-driven standards for transparency, incentives for green investments and RD for low-carbon solutions. GoHelp Through its GoHelp program DHL strives to improve peoples living conditions, by using its core logistics expertise and by partnering with the United Nations, DHL provides effective emergency aid in different areas affected by natural disasters and organizes training programs in at-risk regions, in order to prepare for logistics challenges in emergencies. Some core activities include Disaster Response Teams, Disaster preparedness and Partnering with UNICEF. GoTeach Through its GoTeach program, DHL strives to commit to providing better education and equal opportunities for education. Education is a prerequisite for social progress, which is why DHL is promoting and building initiatives that support individuals in their development and expand their skills. This enables them to act responsibly, receive further education or training, and improve their opportunities in the job market. At the same time, DHL improves its ability to attract and retain qualified employees for the company. Observations and Recommendation As much as DHL claims to be a very sustainable company through its sustainability reports, website and advertising; during our field trip, not much was emphasized about its the incorporation of sustainability in its operations and 3 programs of GoGreen, GoHelp and Goteach. With regards to the first attribute of CO2 efficiency, this activity was somewhat seen during the visit, through the campaign notices available in many places such as on the walls and announcement boards. Also we were told that DHL recycles some of its packaging, during our trip to the distribution center. With regards to employee mobilization, during the field trip, when asked about the sustainability, only particular persons were aware about the sustainable operations. For sustainability to be fully integrated in the company, DHL should focus on mobilizing their employees within the company, just like they say they do, so that all will be aware about their sustainability strategies of CO2 efficiency and have the chance to share their ideas. No mention was done about the Green solutions that DHL Express offers to its customers, it would have been interesting to find out more from its employees about the different sustainable services that are offered. Pinjar: Film Review Pinjar: Film Review Pinjar, produced by Lucky Stars Entertainment Ltd. and directed by Dr. Chandraprakash Dwivedi, is a movie set in the Indian subcontinent where the fight for freedom from the British colonialists is at its climax. The film is based on Amrita Pritams novel of the same name and is a winning attempt at recreating history. Pinjar (meaning cage or skeleton) revolves around the story of Puro, a young girl from a Hindu family living in Amritsar. In search of a suitable bridegroom for their daughter, the family journeys to their village of Chattovani where they settle the marriage of Puro with Ramchand, who is from the village of Rattovall. As per tradition, an exchange must take place and so, Puros brother is engaged to Ramchands sister, Lajjo.  Ã‚  Ã‚   All is bliss for Puro until an unfortunate incident changes her life forever, when she is tragically kidnapped by Rashid, a Muslim man who carries her away on his horse while she is on a trip to the fields. Puro, hysterical and frantic, begs Rashid to return her to her distraught family. Rashid explains that Puros abduction was a result of an ancestral family dispute. Puros ancestors had rendered the Muslim family homeless over a loan default and kidnapped a woman from their house to dishonor them. Rashid was made to swear upon the Holy Quran by his uncle and cousins to avenge their kin and regain their honor. He tells Puro that her family will refuse to accept her now and henceforth, she will always remain an outcast. He confesses that he is remorseful but helpless, and that he has loved Puro since the first moment he laid eyes on her. Puro refuses to believe him and escapes back to her house one night where her hopes are shattered. It is an extremely emotional sight as her own pare nts tell her it is best if she returns else the Muslims would reside to slaughtering their whole family. Furthermore, she has spent the night in another mans house. Nothing can change the fact that she is now a stain on their honor. Hence, Puro returns to Rashid. Back in Rattovall, Ramchand is offered Rajjos (Puros sister) hand in marriage but he refuses on ethical grounds and so Rajjo is married to Ramchands cousin. Puros brother Trilok marries Lajjo as promised. Meanwhile Rashid marries Puro and takes her away to live in Sakkadali. There, she miscarries Rashids child and leads a miserable life. Her arm is forcefully tattooed with the Muslim name Hamida. She continues to dream of her fiancà © Ramchand and even tearfully encounters him in the fields on a trip back to the village. With time she also learns that deep down Rashid is a good man and that his repentance is genuine. At this point politics takes a turn as the partition is announced and riots break out all over. Ramchands village falls in Pakistan and he and his family, excluding a misplaced father, are forced to join a refugee group journeying to India. On the way however, the migrants are attacked by a gang of thugs and Lajjo, Ramchands sister is tragically kidnapped. The group pro ceeds to settle for a night near Sakkadali. Puro visits the camp and meets Ramchand who is distressed and asks for her to look for Lajjo. Puro promises not to let him down. Puro travels from house to house in Rattovall, pretending to be a salesgirl. Finally she manages to find Lajjo, held captive in her own house by Muslims. With the help of Rashid she manages to rescue her and the climax of the movie approaches as Ramchand and Trilok both await at the Wagah border to take Lajjo with them to Hindustan. There is a tearful reunion of two pairs of brother and sister. Trilok embraces Puro and presents her with the choice of returning with him to her relatives, since Ramchand is ready to accept her. It is here that Puro, withstanding the opportunity of a reunion with her family, chooses to remain with Rashid and bids her brother farewell forever. The movie underlines a large number of issues in a non biased way, using the partition theme in its entirety. It depicts the turmoil resulting from the partition, where millions of families were displaced and innumerable women were kidnapped and raped. Hindu-Muslim relations around the tentative period circling 1947 are a chief subject of the film. The large difference of opinion regarding the partition is largely depicted. Pinjar shows that many Hindus and Muslims genuinely believed that they were a stronger force together and that the partition was an attempt to disunite the Indians. Considering the period in which the movie has been set, one also realizes that the communal hatred was largely a manifestation of the patriarchy and had roots too deep in the minds of both Hindu and Muslim men. The enmity was ancestral and was a matter of honor, more for the male community. It was the men of Rashids family who considered it a matter of utmost importance to avenge their ancestors and it was Puros brother who set fire to Rashids crop. All feuds and disputes, it seems, are created and propagated by men. It is here that women become a tool of honor and dishonor and the principle target of all patriarchal games. One such victim is the kidnapped Puro. In a particular moving scene, she asks Rashid how she could possibly be held responsible for a crime her grand-uncle committed. Amidst the partition chaos, Lajjo was prey to similar tragedy, as were hundreds of other girls. Particularly appalling is the scene where Puro is rejected by her family when she returns. The intolerant thinking of the society is all too apparent as the girl is asked to return to her kidnapper. Nothing is above family honor and image. The decisions fate makes are accepted without question. In a certain dialogue, Puro, after hearing the story of a gang raped girl, goes as far as saying that to be born a woman is nothing less than a curse. The society is blindly cruel to those with whom fate is unfair. This attitude changes only when the violence becomes large scale and affects all. When Lajjo says that she cannot return home out of shame, Puro tells her not to worry, since the partition atrocities have opened everyones eyes. People are accepting their kidnapped girls with open arms. It is also apparent that a change of general thinking was also underway at this point in time, especially among the young, as is seen in Trilok, who is an ardent participant of politics and is sometimes even scorned by his father for overly supporting the Congress. Had he been present in the house when Puro had returned, he would surely have not let her go back. He kept the search for his sister alive till the very end. Ramchand is another enlightened youth. A school teacher, he believes all religions to be one in essence, and displays high morality in his willingness to accept Puro as his wife even after her abduction.   While in Sakkadali, Puro sympathizes with a female tramp who roams the village. She has developed an understanding for societal outcasts. Eventually the tramp dies during childbirth as she conceives form rape. Puro adopts and raises the helpless baby but later on is forced to give up the child under pressure of the males of the village council. They claim the baby since he is from a Hindu mother and ignore Puros pleas to keep the infant, making it a matter of religious honor. Certain scenes of the movie show that Hindu Muslim accord was not as unattainable as has generally been perceived. In a depicted anti-partition demonstration, the speaker tells the audience that Hindus and Muslims have been living in one country for decades and there is no reason why they cannot continue to do so. Another interesting character is that of the Muslim Rashid. After the unforgiveable sin he commits, his character unfolds as one of an essentially just and ethical man who is deeply in love with Puro. When his farm is burnt down by her brother, he refuses to take revenge understanding that the act was simply a reaction to a sin he has committed. He pleads in front of the Hindu elders to keep the child his wife has raised and agrees to save Lajjo in an attempt to gain respect in the eyes of Puro. This shows that despite the widespread communal hatred many men were troubled by their conscience and were capable of making moral decisions. The movie depicts the trauma of young Puro with utmost accuracy, great amount of credit going to Urmila Matondkars excellent acting. Her character represents an ill-fated partition-era female. She plays the complete woman, being daughter, sister, wife and mother. However she never accepts her marriage or her life. She is a skeleton, a Pinjar, existing but not living. The climax of the movie shows Puro being offered acceptance back to her family which she dramatically rejects. As to why she did so, that has been left a semi mystery for the viewer. We may assume that that Puro renders essentially feminine behavior, eventually learning to love her husband. She could not muster the courage to be disloyal to a man who had been a good husband for so long. Puro found solace in rescuing Lajjo and is probably incapable of further upheavals in life. She has a husband, a home and is content. She knows where she belongs and her life at this point is beyond repair.   On a lighter note, the movie has beautifully portrayed the bond between parent and child and amongst siblings. The right to the customs, rituals and beliefs of that particular time has been effectively illustrated. The simplicity and familial camaraderie of that eon are nothing less than charming.

Madame Bovary :: Madame Bovary Essays

Madame Bovary The novel Madame Bovary was written by Gustave Flaubert in 1856. Flaubert was born in 1821, in Rouen, France. His father, being a doctor, caused him to be very familiar with the horrible sights of the hospital, which he in turn uses in his writings. In this novel, Charles Bovary, an undereducated doctor of medicine has two wives in his life. The first, Madame Dubuc, died. Emma Rouault, his second wife, after many affairs commits suicide. The doom of Charles and Emma's marriage is described by an elaborate connection of symbolic relations. The relationships of the shutter's sealing bang, Emma's long dress that keeps her from happiness, the plaster priest that conveys the actions of the couple, the restless greyhound, and Emma burning her wedding bouquet are all images of eternal doom to the couple's marriage. Charles Bovary first met Emma Rouault when he was on a medical call to fix her father's broken leg. Not long after his arrival Emma catches his interest. Her actions satisfy his hearts need for a young, fresh mind and body. The old widow that he is currently married to dies of chagrin. Charles is sadden by this but his mind stays on Emma. After frequent visits to her farm, even after her father's leg was healed, Charles gives a thought about if he would like to marry Emma but he is uncertain. Her father sees Charles' interest in his daughter and takes it upon himself to engage the two. He waits until Charles is departing and then confronts him about the engagement. As expected Charles accepts the marriage and the father runs to the house to receive Emma's acceptance. This was to be shown by the opening of a shutter door. "Suddenly he heard a sound from the house: the shutter had slammed against the wall; the catch was still quivering" (Flaubert 21). The sound that the shu tter makes is the beginning of an end. The bang seals the never-ending doom of the couple's marriage (Turnell 101). Emma's wedding is a special occasion. It is held in the far off pasture of their farm. After all the guests arrive the wedding procession proceeds to the pasture.

Invisible Hand Essay

The invisible hand indicates situations that individuals pursuing their own self-interest leads to the social interest. It is all about free-market principles in operation and how they create desired results. The invisible hand reduces to a â€Å"laissez-faire† philosophy that sees government intervention into the markets as a real problem. The market mechanism of supply and demand communicates the wants of consumers to business and through business to resource suppliers. Competition forces business and resource suppliers to make appropriate responses. According to the invisible hand theory, each of us, acting in our own self-interests, generates a demand for goods and services that compels others to deliver those goods and services in the most efficient manner so that they may be able to receive compensation from others and make a profit in doing so. In this process, the invisible hand could be benevolent in the market because resources are allocated in the most efficient manner, in contrast to a process that relies on a centrally planned system. The invisible hand puts more resources into producing goods for which there is a shortage, as evidenced by high profit margins, at the expense of goods for which there is a surplus, as evidenced by low or negative profit margins. And the invisible hand keeps doing these adjustments continuously without anyone planning or ordering that society should produce more of what if needs and less of what it doesn’t need. In other words, the â€Å"invisible hand† represents all the social good incidentally caused by individuals pursuing their own self-interest. And it is true, the social benefits of the invisible hand are clearly seen in many cases. Firms are price takers in the market. So many firms that no one firm can influence price. It is also â€Å"homogeneous product†, rationality of all market actors and free entry and exit. A businessman who wants to become a millionaire must first come up with a product that is beneficial, pleasing and desired by thousand of customers. By pursuing his own greed, the millionaire also benefits society. The basic problem with the â€Å"invisible hand of the market† is that it is a metaphor, not a concept or principles; only simpletons refer to it as such. In practice, it is still too invisible, so governments are tempted to make it more visible through political interventions. It is clear why Smith says that moral norms are necessary for such a system to work in order for exchange to proceed, contracts must be enforceable, people must have good access to information about the products nd service available, and the rule of law must hold. Therefore, an invisible hand process is one in which the outcome to be explained is produced in a decentralized way, with no explicit agreements between the acting agents. The second essential component is that the process is not intentional. The agents’ aims are not coordinated nor identical with the acgual outcome, which is a byproduct of those aims. The process should work even without the agents having any knowledge of it. This why the process is called invisible.

Reaction paper “Shutter Island” Essay Essays

Reaction paper â€Å"Shutter Island† Essay Essays Reaction paper â€Å"Shutter Island† Essay Paper Reaction paper â€Å"Shutter Island† Essay Paper â€Å"Shutter Island† is a film that is non merely dedicated to presenting unflawed scenery and a plot line about a mental establishment locked off with a deep. dark secret off from civilisation. but alternatively. the bulk of the movie is really a character survey with Teddy Daniels as the chief topic. Teddy Daniels has a troubled yesteryear that is reflected in flash dorsums and dream sequences. Teddy Daniels is now a U. S Marshall. but anterior to that. he was a veteran of war. where he saw some of the most viciously hideous and mind-scarring scenes conceivable. the sort of things that could poison a man’s head and leave him haunted by them for life. Teddy is besides a â€Å"retired alcoholic† as one of the doctor’s at Ashecliffe Hospital reveals saying that it is obviously obvious that he used to imbibe. The topic of alcohol addiction is subsequently elaborated on in a flashback scene where his late married woman asks him why he drinks. It appears that Teddy is non merely haunted by the labors of war or his alcohol addiction. but besides by the fact that a adult male who set fire to his place killed his married woman and kids. In short. Teddy’s life has been fuelled by mentally marking events. that someway lead him to Ashecliffe Hospital. in what he believes to be â€Å"fate† when he learns that the adult male who killed his household is really a patient at the infirmary ; Andrew Laediss. Before long. Teddy shortly learns of the corruptness on the island. Curious experiments are being carried out. These are subsequently revealed to be leukotomies. which are used in order to settle the reprehensively insane for good. When Teddy uncovers the â€Å"truth† . he tries to go forth the island to no help. This is when the turn starts to go apparent. Teddy Daniels is non a U. S marshal at all. he is really a patient at Ashecliffe Hospital. and he has been for several old ages. Mentally scarred by the issues in his life. which are revealed non merely to be the labors of war. but besides the fact that his married woman besides went insane and drowned their kids. it was Daniels. really revealed to be called Andrew Laediss. who killed his married woman out of retaliation. Throughout the movie. Teddy suffers concerns. These concerns are really from his backdowns from his medicine which he suffers when he creates his alternate personality and gives everyone â€Å"roles to play. † something that is besides referenced earlier on in the movie. Teddy Daniels is reprehensively insan e and he is for good haunted by his yesteryear. He creates personalities for everyone at the infirmary and he goes about his life pretense he is person else as a method of â€Å"escapism† from world. His narrative is unbelievable and the truth is really hinted at throughout the movie which will go forth viewing audiences merely necessitating to watch the movie a 2nd clip because the intimations are impossible to disregard one time the turn is revealed. Gratuitous to state. Leonardo DiCaprio plays the character to flawlessness and Teddy Daniels. still to this twenty-four hours. is undeniably one of the most in-depth. detailed and most developed movie characters of the 2010 decennary therefore far. Leonardo DiCaprio as Edward â€Å"Teddy† DanielsMark Ruffalo as Chuck AuleBen Kingsley as Dr. John CawleyMax von Sydow as Dr. Jeremiah NaehringMichelle Williams as Dolores ChanalEmily Mortimer as Rachel SolandoPatricia Clarkson as Dr. Rachel SolandoJackie Earle Haley as George NoyceTed Levine as WardenJohn Carroll Lynch as Deputy Warden McPhersonElias Koteas as Andrew LaeddisJill Larson as Old Manacled WomanKen Cheeseman as Doctor 1Ruby Jerins as Little GirlRobin Bartlett as Bridget KearnsChristopher Denham as Peter BreeneMatthew Cowles as Ferry Boat Captain The stoping of shutter Island seems equivocal but to me it was reasonably distinct. Teddy wakes up to the world that he is really Andrew Laedis. though he is warned by Dr. Cawley and Dr. Sheehan that he has regresses into his fantasy universe before. However. Andrew is smart. When Dr. Sheehan sits with him on the stairss that following forenoon. Andrew knows that the physicians and Warden are detecting his behaviour. The thing is. his guilt and hurting are still so heavy that he knows he can non populate with them. Rather than unrecorded with the cognition of his hurting. he chooses to feign that he is still Teddy Daniels and allow them lobotomize him. so that he can eventually be free of his load. That’s what the line to Dr. Sheehan approximately â€Å"living as a monster. or deceasing as a good adult male. ’ means – Andrew would instead be mind-wiped as â€Å"Teddy Daniels† than unrecorded with the wickednesss of Andrew Laeddis. Although small informati on is available to analyse Teddy based on his childhood he can be examined on many other elements of Sigmund Freud’s theories about the unconscious. While he is populating in his fantasy life as an research worker on the island. his unconscious ideas frequently appear in his dreams. He sees his married woman come to him imploring him to give up on his pursuit for Andrew because he will non wish what he finds out and she doesn’t want him to acquire injury. He besides dreams of Rachel Solando coming to him with her children’s bloody organic structures. inquiring him to help her in disposing of them. As he holds the children’s bodies they come alive inquiring why he didn’t salvage them. This absolutely illustrates the psychoanalytic theory that dreams have two degrees of content. The manifest content is that Teddy thinks the dreams come from the fact that he is losing his married woman and merely can’t accept her decease and allow her travel and that the macabre feeling of the island is acquiring to him doing him to hold incubuss of the insane adult female he is look intoing. It is subsequently clear that the latent content of the dreams reveal the concealed significance of his ain experiences. In other words. there was no Rachel Solando. Teddy created her as a contemplation of himself because Dolores was a frenzied depressive who drowned their kids in a lake one twenty-four hours when he wasn’t place. When he returned and realized the tragic occurrences there was nil he could make. hence the incubuss of the kids asking as to why he couldn’t salvage them. In his dreams she frequently walks to him soaking moisture to which he asks her â€Å"Why are you all wet. babe? † . This phrase seems to stalk him because those are the first wor ds he said to her when he came place that twenty-four hours she went brainsick. Teddy feels personally responsible for their decease because at the clip he was an alcoholic and while he loved his married woman. he refused to see her for who she truly was and ended up killing her after detecting the kids. In the dreams she tells him to give up because he is unable to get by with cognizing the truth. This leads on to how Teddy distorts his world to protect himself against his intolerable hurting and guilt through the usage of defence mechanisms. All of the memories of what truly happened to Dolores and the kids become pent-up and replaced with false semblances that his married woman was wrongfully murdered and he re-created himself as a hero in order to get by. In conformity with this mechanism he suffers from station traumatic emphasis from which the disturbing memories indirectly begin to uncover themselves in his dreams. Dr. Sheehan who in his head was his spouse reveals that for they had decided to seek an luxuriant role-playing experiment in which they went along with all of Teddy ( Andrew ) ’s psychotic beliefs in an effort to convey his head back to the existent universe and therefore salvage him from a encephalon leukotomy ( a signifier of psychosurgery ) which was forced to be their last resort. When the truth is foremost revealed Teddy’s initial reaction is to fall back to the defence mechanism of denial. He refuses to accept that what they claim is what truly happened and is repetitive upon the fact that they have been dosing him with drugs in order to brainwash him and maintain him from detecting the truth about the ghastly human experiments that have been taking topographic point at the infirmary. Projection is besides used when he accuses the Doctor’s of doing up this narrative about what happened to him in order to protect themselves. These are both efforts to free his head of the anxiousness arousing stimulations that he is unable to accept has any association with what happened in his life. Even before the truth is revealed while Teddy still believes that he is a hero we see this anxiousness reflecting through during his probe at Shutter Island. When the hospital’s chief psychologist makes a remark about Teddy forbearing from intoxicant and Teddy responds with a witty onslaught the physician notes his â€Å"excellent usage of defence mechanisms† . This may associate to his inexplicit memory because although Teddy at foremost does non hold any intuitions about the pragmatism of his ain individuality he seems to believe that everyone else is out to acquire him which serves as unconscious memories act uponing witting behaviour doing him to invariably be on defence about the purposes and actions of the people around him. When Teddy eventually comes out of his phase of denial and accepts the truth. the physicians fear that he will get worse and travel back into repression. It was noted that this had happened before with their other efforts to bring around him. Teddy fakes falling back into that phase in order to salvage himself his self-respect. he reveals his purposes by stating â€Å"which would be worse. to populate as a monster or to decease a good adult male? † . This lets us cognize that Dr. Sheehan’s remedy proved effectual. but Teddy would instead non populate in that province of wretchedness or seek to travel on with his life cognizing the flooring truth. Teddy Daniels besides known as Andrew Laeddis is an highly interesting character to analyze in footings of personality. Before his matrimony to Dolores he likely could hold been analyzed for wholly different properties ; nevertheless the events in his life served as strong situational factors to determine the individual he would turn into. Before it is realized that he is really one of the reprehensively insane captives. Teddy could be described as smart. witty and independent. He stands up for himself even when he suspects that the bulk of the island is involved with the confederacy. After recognizing the truth behind all of his actions it is clear that his life is relatable to many of Freud’s theories which are all used to help him in â€Å"distorting world to protect him against hurting or threatening urges originating from the id† . It is besides really interesting that in his surrogate world he views himself as a good. guiltless individual who is looking to put bad things right. This could come from his unconscious cognition that he committed a violent offense and wants to take all of the incrimination off himself by portraying himself as a hero. The warden of Ashecliffe Hospital makes an interesting point of mention to the dark side of Teddy’s personality and human nature in general by stating him â€Å"You’re every bit violent as they come. I know because I am every bit violent as they come. Don’t embarrass yourself by denying your ain blood lecherousness. boy. Don’t embarrass me. If the restraints of society were removed. and I was all that stood between you and a repast. you’d check my skull with a stone and eat my meaty parts† . Teddy killed his married woman because he felt that after what she had done. it was the right thing to make and his surrogate personality serves as a cover-up because he â€Å"should† experience guilty that the type of force isn’t acceptable. no affair what Dolores had done to merit it.

Biography of Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Freedom Leader

Biography of Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Freedom Leader Mohandas Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) was the father of the Indian independence movement. While fighting discrimination in South Africa, Gandhi developed satyagraha, a nonviolent way of protesting injustice. Returning to his birthplace of India, Gandhi spent his remaining years working to end British rule of his country and to better the lives of Indias poorest classes. Fast Facts: Mohandas Gandhi Known For: Leader of Indias independence movementAlso Known As: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma (Great Soul), Father of the Nation, Bapu (Father), GandhijiBorn: October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, IndiaParents: Karamchand and Putlibai GandhiDied: January 30, 1948 in New Delhi, IndiaEducation: Law degree, Inner Temple, London, EnglandPublished Works: Mohandas K. Gandhi, Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Freedoms BattleSpouse: Kasturba KapadiaChildren: Harilal Gandhi, Manilal Gandhi, Ramdas Gandhi, Devdas GandhiNotable Quote: The true measure of any society can be found in how it treats its most vulnerable members. Early Life Mohandas Gandhi was born October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, the last child of his father Karamchand Gandhi and his fourth wife Putlibai. Young Gandhi was a shy, mediocre student. At age 13, he married Kasturba Kapadia  as part of an arranged marriage. She bore four sons and supported Gandhis endeavors until her 1944 death. In September 1888 at age 18, Gandhi left India alone to study law in London. He attempted to become an English gentleman, buying suits, fine-tuning his English accent, learning French, and taking music lessons. Deciding that was a waste of time and money, he spent the rest of his three-year stay as a serious student living a simple lifestyle. Gandhi also adopted vegetarianism and joined the London Vegetarian Society, whose intellectual crowd introduced Gandhi to authors Henry David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy. He also studied the Bhagavad Gita, an epic poem sacred to Hindus. These books concepts set the foundation for his later beliefs. Gandhi passed the bar on June 10, 1891, and returned to India. For two years, he attempted to practice law but lacked the knowledge of Indian law and the self-confidence necessary to be a trial lawyer. Instead, he took on a year-long case in South Africa. South Africa At 23, Gandhi again left his family and set off for the British-governed Natal province in South Africa in May 1893. After a week, Gandhi was asked to go to the Dutch-governed Transvaal province. When Gandhi boarded the train, railroad officials ordered him to move to the third-class car. Gandhi, holding first-class tickets, refused. A policeman threw him off the train. As Gandhi talked to Indians in South Africa, he learned that such experiences were common. Sitting in the cold depot that first night of his trip, Gandhi debated returning to India or fighting the discrimination. He decided that he couldnt ignore these injustices. Gandhi spent 20 years bettering Indians rights in South Africa, becoming a resilient, potent leader against discrimination. He learned about Indian grievances, studied the law, wrote letters to officials, and organized petitions. On May 22, 1894, Gandhi established the Natal Indian Congress (NIC). Although it began as an organization for wealthy Indians, Gandhi expanded it to all classes and castes. He became a leader of South Africas Indian community, his activism covered by newspapers in England and India. Return to India In 1896 after three years in South Africa, Gandhi sailed to India to bring his wife and two sons back with him, returning in November. Gandhis ship was quarantined at the harbor for 23 days, but the real reason for the delay was an angry mob of whites at the dock who believed Gandhi was returning with Indians who would overrun South Africa. Gandhi sent his family to safety, but he was assaulted with bricks, rotten eggs, and fists. Police escorted him away. Gandhi refuted the claims against him but refused to prosecute those involved. The violence stopped, strengthening Gandhis prestige. Influenced by the  Gita, Gandhi wanted to purify his life by following the concepts of aparigraha  (nonpossession) and  samabhava  (equitability). A friend gave him Unto This Last  by  John Ruskin, which inspired Gandhi to establish Phoenix Settlement, a community outside Durban, in June 1904. The settlement focused on eliminating needless possessions and living in full equality. Gandhi moved his family and his newspaper, the  Indian Opinion, to the settlement. In 1906, believing that family life was detracting from his potential as a public advocate, Gandhi took the vow of  brahmacharya  (abstinence from sex). He simplified his vegetarianism to unspiced, usually uncooked foods- mostly fruits and nuts, which he believed would help quiet his urges. Satyagraha Gandhi believed that his vow of  brahmacharya  allowed him the focus to devise the concept of  satyagraha  in late 1906. In the simplest sense,  satyagraha  is passive resistance, but Gandhi described it as truth force, or natural right. He believed exploitation was possible only if the exploited and the exploiter accepted it, so seeing beyond the current situation provided power to change it. In practice,  satyagraha  is nonviolent resistance to injustice. A  person using satyagraha could resist injustice by refusing to follow an unjust law or putting up with physical assaults and/or confiscation of his property without anger. There would be no winners or losers; all would understand the truth and agree to rescind the unjust law. Gandhi first organized satyagraha  against the Asiatic Registration Law, or Black Act, which passed in March 1907. It required all Indians to be fingerprinted and carry registration documents at all times. Indians refused fingerprinting and picketed documentation offices. Protests were organized, miners went on strike, and Indians illegally traveled from Natal to the Transvaal in opposition to the act. Many protesters, including Gandhi, were beaten and arrested. After seven years of protest, the Black Act was repealed. The nonviolent protest had succeeded. Back to India After 20 years in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India. By the time he arrived, press reports of his South African triumphs had made him a national hero. He traveled the country for a year before beginning reforms. Gandhi found that his fame conflicted with observing conditions of the poor, so he wore a loincloth (dhoti) and sandals, the garb of the masses, during this journey. In cold weather, he added a shawl. This became his lifetime wardrobe. Gandhi founded another communal settlement in Ahmadabad called Sabarmati Ashram. For the next 16 years, Gandhi lived there with his family. He was also given the honorary title of Mahatma, or Great Soul. Many credit Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, winner of the 1913  Nobel Prize for Literature, for awarding Gandhi this name. Peasants viewed Gandhi as a holy man, but he disliked the title because it implied he was special. He viewed himself as ordinary. After the year ended, Gandhi still felt stifled because of World War I. As part of  satyagraha, Gandhi had vowed never to take advantage of an opponents troubles. With the British in a major conflict, Gandhi couldnt fight them for Indian freedom. Instead, he used satyagraha  to erase inequities among Indians. Gandhi persuaded landlords to stop forcing tenant farmers to pay increased rent by appealing to their morals and fasted to convince mill owners to settle a strike. Because of Gandhis prestige, people didnt want to be responsible for his death from fasting. Confronting British When the war ended, Gandhi focused on the fight for Indian self-rule (swaraj). In 1919, the British handed Gandhi a cause: the Rowlatt Act, which gave the British nearly free rein to detain revolutionary elements without trial. Gandhi organized a hartal (strike), which began on March 30, 1919. Unfortunately, the protest turned violent. Gandhi ended the  hartal  once he heard about the violence, but more than 300 Indians had died and more than 1,100 were injured from British reprisals in the city of Amritsar.  Satyagraha  hadnt been achieved, but the Amritsar Massacre  fueled Indian opinions against the British. The violence showed Gandhi that the Indian people didnt fully believe in satyagraha. He spent much of the 1920s advocating for it  and struggling to keep protests peaceful. Gandhi also began advocating self-reliance as a path to freedom. Since the British established India as a colony, Indians had supplied Britain with raw fiber and then imported the resulting cloth from England. Gandhi advocated that Indians spin their own cloth, popularizing the idea by traveling with a spinning wheel, often spinning yarn while giving a speech. The image of the spinning wheel (charkha) became a symbol for independence. In March 1922, Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison for sedition. After two years, he was released following surgery to find his country embroiled in violence between Muslims and Hindus. When Gandhi began a 21-day fast still ill from surgery, many thought he would die, but he rallied. The fast created a temporary peace. Salt March In December 1928, Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (INC) announced a challenge to the British government. If India wasnt granted Commonwealth status by December 31, 1929, they would organize a nationwide protest against British taxes. The deadline passed without change. Gandhi chose to protest the British salt tax because salt was used in everyday cooking, even by the poorest. The Salt March began a nationwide boycott starting March 12,  1930, when Gandhi and 78 followers walked 200 miles from the Sabarmati Ashram to the sea. The group grew along the way, reaching 2,000 to 3,000. When they reached the coastal town of Dandi on April 5, they prayed all night. In the morning, Gandhi made a presentation of picking up a piece of sea salt from the beach. Technically, he had broken the law. Thus began an endeavor for Indians to make salt. Some picked up loose salt on the beaches, while others evaporated saltwater. Indian-made salt soon was sold nationwide. Peaceful picketing and marches were conducted. The British responded with mass arrests. Protesters Beaten When Gandhi announced a march on the government-owned Dharasana Saltworks, the British imprisoned him without trial. Although they hoped Gandhis arrest would stop the march, they underestimated his followers. The poet  Sarojini Naidu  led 2,500 marchers. As they reached the waiting police, the marchers were beaten with clubs. News of the brutal beating of peaceful protesters shocked the world. British viceroy Lord Irwin met with Gandhi and they agreed on the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which granted limited salt production and freedom for the protesters if Gandhi called off the protests. While many Indians believed that Gandhi hadnt gotten enough from the negotiations, he viewed it as a step toward independence. Independence After the success of the  Salt March, Gandhi conducted another fast that enhanced his image as a holy man or prophet. Dismayed at the adulation, Gandhi retired from politics in 1934 at age 64. He came out of retirement five years later when the British viceroy announced, without consulting Indian leaders, that India would side with England during  World War II. This revitalized the Indian independence movement. Many British parliamentarians realized they were facing mass protests and began discussing an independent India. Although Prime Minister  Winston Churchill  opposed losing India as a colony, the British announced in March 1941 that it would free India after  World War II. Gandhi wanted independence sooner and organized a Quit India campaign in 1942. The British again jailed Gandhi. Hindu-Muslim Conflict When Gandhi was released in 1944, independence seemed near. Huge disagreements, however, arose between Hindus and Muslims. Because the majority of Indians were Hindu, Muslims feared losing political power if India became independent. The Muslims wanted six provinces in northwest India, where Muslims predominated, to become an independent country. Gandhi opposed partitioning India and tried to bring the sides together, but that proved too difficult even for the Mahatma. Violence erupted; entire towns were burned. Gandhi toured India, hoping his presence could curb the violence. Although violence stopped where Gandhi visited, he couldnt be everywhere. Partition The British, seeing India headed for civil war, decided to leave in August 1947. Before leaving, they got the Hindus, against Gandhis wishes, to agree to a  partition plan. On August 15, 1947, Britain granted independence to India and to the newly formed Muslim country of Pakistan. Millions of Muslims marched from India to Pakistan, and millions of Hindus in Pakistan walked to India. Many refugees died from illness, exposure, and dehydration. As 15 million Indians became uprooted from their homes, Hindus and Muslims attacked each other. Gandhi once again went on a fast. He would only eat again, he stated, once he saw clear plans to stop the violence. The fast began on January 13, 1948. Realizing that the frail, aged Gandhi couldnt withstand a long fast, the sides collaborated. On January 18, more than 100 representatives approached Gandhi with a promise for peace, ending his fast. Assassination Not everyone approved of the plan. Some radical Hindu groups believed that India shouldnt have been partitioned, blaming Gandhi. On January 30, 1948, the 78-year-old Gandhi spent his day discussing issues. Just past 5 p.m., Gandhi began the walk, supported by two grandnieces, to the Birla House, where he was staying in New Delhi, for a prayer meeting. A crowd surrounded him. A young Hindu named Nathuram Godse stopped before him and bowed. Gandhi bowed back. Godse shot Gandhi three times. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, he fell to the ground, dead. Legacy Gandhis concept of nonviolent protest attracted the organizers of numerous demonstrations and movements. Civil rights leaders, especially Martin Luther King Jr., adopted Gandhis model for their own struggles. Research in the second half of the 20th century established Gandhi as a great mediator and reconciler, resolving conflicts between older moderate politicians and young radicals, political terrorists and parliamentarians, urban intelligentsia and rural masses, Hindus and Muslims, as well as Indians and British. He was the  catalyst,  if not the initiator, of three major revolutions of the 20th century: movements against colonialism, racism, and violence. His deepest strivings were spiritual, but unlike many fellow Indians with such  aspirations, he didnt retire to a Himalayan cave  to meditate. Rather, he took his cave with him everywhere he went. And, he left his thoughts to posterity: His collected writings had reached 100 volumes by the early 21st century. Sources Mahatma Gandhi: Indian Leader. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Mahatma Gandhi. History.com.

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